Feasibility study of using Gravel-Caly, Asphaltic Concrete and Cemented Sand and Gravel instead of clay in the core of the embankment dam, case study: Tang Sorkh Bashar Dam

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master's Degree, Civil Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran

2 PhD, Amirkabir University of Technology, Fajr Institute, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Selecting suitable materials for the core of earth dams plays a pivotal role in their performance and stability. Traditionally, clay has been used as the primary core material due to its low permeability and excellent seepage control. However, when adequate or appropriate clay is unavailable, assessing alternative materials becomes essential. This study investigates the feasibility of using Gravel-Clay (GC), Asphalt Concrete (AC), and Cemented Sand and Gravel (CSG) as substitutes for clay in the core of the Tang-e Sorkh Bashar Dam. The study includes comprehensive geotechnical evaluations, mechanical property assessments, permeability tests, and long-term performance analysis of these materials under variable hydraulic conditions. Additionally, numerical modeling was conducted using PLAXIS 3D to analyze the stability, settlement, seepage, and seismic response of the core with different materials. The results indicate that AC material provides superior performance in terms of seismic resistance, seepage control, and erosion protection, although its high cost and requirement for specialized construction techniques may limit its application. CSG material offers high strength but faces challenges with flexibility and cracking. The GC material is a cost-effective option with adequate impermeability, though it demands careful management to prevent issues related to settlement and seepage. Economically, the GC material stands out as an affordable and straightforward choice for conventional earth dams, whereas AC and CSG material are more justifiable in projects requiring enhanced durability and structural resilience.

Keywords

References

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Construction science and technology
Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 18
Spring 2025
July 2025
Pages 63-73

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